NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 DECEMBER 2024 (CURRENCY – SINGAPORE DOLLARS UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED) C16 Derivative financial instruments (continued) Cash flow hedges (continued) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting (continued) Category Subsequent measurement (1) Cash flow hedges When a derivative is designated in a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognised in other comprehensive income limited to the cumulative changes in the fair value of the hedged item and presented in the fair value reserve. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative (i.e. the extent to which changes in the fair value of the hedge instrument do not match the changes in fair value of the hedged item) is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The amount accumulated in equity is retained in other comprehensive income, and depending on the nature of the hedged item, will either be transferred to the profit or loss in the same period that the underlying transaction affects profit or loss or be capitalised in the initial carrying amount of the non-financial item. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the fair value reserve remains there until the forecast transaction occurs. If the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the amount accumulated in equity is reclassified to profit or loss. (2) Fair value hedges Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in profit or loss, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. (3) Net investment hedges The Group designates certain derivatives and non-derivative financial liabilities as hedges of foreign exchange risk on a net investment in a foreign operation. When a derivative instrument or a non-derivative financial liability is designated as the hedging instrument in a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, the effective portion of, for a derivative, changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument or, for a non-derivative, foreign exchange gains and losses is recognised in OCI and presented in the translation reserve within equity. Any ineffective portion of the changes in the fair value of the derivative or foreign exchange gains and losses on the non-derivative is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The amount recognised in OCI is reclassified to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment on disposal of the foreign operation. Estimates and judgement: Interest rate benchmark reform Following the global financial crisis, the reform and replacement of benchmark interest rates such as USD LIBOR and other inter-bank offered rates (IBORs) has become a priority for global regulators. To transition existing contracts and agreements that reference LIBOR to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), adjustments for term differences and credit differences might need to be applied to SOFR, to enable the two benchmark rates to be economically equivalent on transition. 211 CORPORATE OVERVIEW PERFORMANCE REVIEW SUSTAINABILITY FINANCIAL REPORT
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