ENVIRONMENTAL → Environmental Protection Sources of Conversion Factors, Methodology, and Calculation Tools: Density of Aviation Kerosene Environmental Technology Centre, Environment Canada Acetylene Emission Factor Acetylene Emission Factor Singapore Grid Electricity Emission Factor Energy Market Authority - Singapore Density of Motor Gasoline and Diesel The Engineering ToolBox Emission factors and Net Calorific Values (NCV) for Aviation Gasoline, Motor Gasoline, Diesel, LPG and CNG 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2 Density of Natural Gas The Engineering ToolBox Global Warming Potential Values GHG Protocol The following gases are included in our computation for conversion to CO2 equivalent – CO2, CH4, N2O, PFC5, HFC5 and SF6. The base year for GHG emissions calculations is 2010, as the Group established its initial GHG inventory process in 2009 for Singapore operations. The GHG emissions data collection widened to include our global businesses and acquisitions. The base year emission was recalculated, where applicable, or estimated using proxies. As of end-2021, our 2010 base year GHG emissions is estimated to be 170,000tCO2e. Energy Efficiency We do our part in mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change by implementing initiatives that enable energy efficiency and efficient resource management. Our efforts include: • Acquire equipment that are certified to be energy efficient • Install additional solar PV systems on our premises • Use energy efficient lighting and replacing legacy lighting systems • Conduct energy audits and improve production energy efficiency Water Management & Conservation Our businesses use water from municipal sources in their facilities mainly for cooling, cleaning, general sanitation and operational activities, such as aircraft and vehicle washing. In 2016, we set a water usage intensity reduction target of 15% on a business-as-usual basis by 2025 with 2015 as base year for our Singapore operations. We continue to: • Install smart water meters at more locations to enhance tracking • Install water saving devices such as water thimbles and flow reducing valves • Promote water conservation awareness through toolbox briefings and campaigns • Perform regular checks to detect leakages in pipes and faucets • Optimise our operations to reduce usage of water Waste & Effluent Management We regularly promote 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) initiatives to help with the following: • Reduce the use of materials and consumables • Reduce the use of paper • Reuse existing resources such as wooden pallets • Recycle waste oil, manufacturing materials, paper and e-waste To manage our toxic waste and effluent, we do the following: • Optimise processes to reduce the generation of toxic waste and effluent • Consolidate toxic waste at designated points for collection by licensed toxic waste collectors • Ensure that necessary licensing is obtained and effluent discharge criteria are all met before discharging into the waterways and sewage systems • Comply fully with national/local regulatory requirements (e.g. Singapore National Environment Agency - NEA) regarding the safe handling of radioactive materials used in non-destructive testing Noise Certain segments of our operations generate noise and we strive to be a good neighbour in the communities where we operate. Our measures include: • Monitor and review noise emission levels from our operations • Keep all noise within legal limits and within permitted hours • Replace noisy equipment with quieter models and provide sound insulation where applicable • Conduct boundary noise checks in accordance with regulatory guidelines 18 ST ENGINEERING SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2021 OVERVIEW OUR SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL GOVERNANCE AWARDS INDEX
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